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Manual Reference Pages  - lower (3)

NAME

lower(3f) - [M_strings:CASE] changes a string to lowercase over specified range (LICENSE:PD)

CONTENTS

Synopsis
Description
Options
Results
Trivia
Example
Author
License

SYNOPSIS

elemental pure function lower(str,begin,end) result (string)

character(*), intent(in) :: str integer,optional :: begin, end character(len(str)) :: string ! output string

DESCRIPTION

lower(string) returns a copy of the input string with all characters converted to miniscule over the specified range, assuming ASCII character sets are being used. If no range is specified the entire string is converted to miniscule.

OPTIONS

str string to convert to miniscule
begin optional starting position in "str" to begin converting to miniscule
end optional ending position in "str" to stop converting to miniscule

RESULTS

lower copy of the input string with all characters converted to miniscule over optionally specified range.

TRIVIA

The terms "uppercase" and "lowercase" date back to the early days of the mechanical printing press. Individual metal alloy casts of each needed letter, or punctuation symbol, were meticulously added to a press block, by hand, before rolling out copies of a page. These metal casts were stored and organized in wooden cases. The more often needed miniscule letters were placed closer to hand, in the lower cases of the work bench. The less often needed, capitalized, majuscule letters, ended up in the harder to reach upper cases.

EXAMPLE

Sample program:

      program demo_lower
      use M_strings, only: lower
      implicit none
      character(len=:),allocatable  :: s
         s=’ ABCDEFG abcdefg ’
         write(*,*) ’mixed-case input string is ....’,s
         write(*,*) ’lower-case output string is ...’,lower(s)
      end program demo_lower

Expected output

      mixed-case input string is .... ABCDEFG abcdefg
      lower-case output string is ... abcdefg abcdefg

AUTHOR

John S. Urban

LICENSE

Public Domain


lower (3) July 05, 2020
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